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October 28 在线化工词典1 化工字典： http://china.chemnet.com/prodinfo.html 2 CNKI英汉/汉英词典： http://dict.cnki.net 3 天津大学求实版的科技辞典 http://bbs.tju.edu.cn/TJUBBSDSXLQNAEZZUVKCGGSAVEQOBZQMXZREUAX_C/ 4 http://www.cnreagent.com/tools/namedb/index.php 5 http://www.dictionary.com 其他： 6.http://dict.cn/search/ 7.http://www3.zzu.edu.cn/zzjdict/ 郑州大学在线英汉-汉英科技大词典 8.http://www.ourdict.cn/ 中华在线词典（汉语） 9.http://www.iciba.com 金山词霸在线免费词典 10.化工引擎网http://www.chemyq.com/xz.htm October 27 自学西班牙语杂谈（转） 随着中国和拉美关系的升温，越来越多的中国人开始接触这门上帝的语言——西班牙语。而这不外乎有两种人：一种是在国内，而且这个人群越来越庞大，但初学者居多；另外一种就是在西语国家，初学者也占据了相当的一部分。 居于此，国内外越来越多的西语培训班如雨后春笋般地出现在中国人面前，而学费实在是让人不敢恭维。物以稀为贵啊。上培训班是一条不错的道路，起码有老师指点迷津。但还有一条更为广阔的路——自学。 自学的道路充满艰辛同时也充满乐趣。它没有考试甚至其他方面的压力，你反而会放开大胆地去学，去尝试。自己走出来的路是最为深刻的，那么走错了，只要有别人指引，你有走上正路了。 呵呵，废话了那么多，言归正传吧。 对于国内的自学者 有人说在国内学习西语就等于闭门造车，其实不然。即使没有好的交流环境一样何以掌握好一门语言。关键是还要靠自己。 首先，必须选择一套适合的教材作为基准。以前看过一个专门介绍国内教材的帖子，但我还是强烈地推荐《现代西班牙语》，它的优势就不用我多费口舌了。 当然，你对其他的教材一见钟情也不是件坏事，只要适合自己就行。选好教材后就别再忧郁了，千万不要把书放在家里当摆设，开始吧。 大家都知道学一门语言主要分为： 语音，语法，听力，口语，阅读和写作这里六部分。每一部分都是一项艰巨的工程，切记！！没有哪部分是容易的。 初学者最头痛的就是发音。29个字母要发得地地道道，标标准准对国人们绝不是一朝一夕就可以练出来的。想把语音发地地道最好的方法就是一个字—— 听。听广播！！！！！ 你说什么？ 你听不懂？ 我也听不懂啊。没有人一开始就听得懂的。那不是天才是什么？！听广播的好处除了能纠正自己的发音外，日后自己的口语的语速，语调会慢慢地潜移默化地走向完美。当然，没有听个天花乱醉是做不到的。 对大多数初学者来说，比较难掌握的有三对：b和p， c和g，d和t。有好多人把这几个音给混淆了。当然，这几个不是最难大，相信学过英语的人来说都很容易。最最最难的还是哪个颤音rr。谁叫我们是中国人，在我们的母语中压根就没这个音。那么有很多人开始学的时候就把他发成dr或者tr，因为这两个音也有颤一下啊，注意，只有一下哦。其实是非常错误的。Dr的发音是牙齿稍微咬住舌尖再伸回去而发出来的音，这样发出来的音只能是单颤的。而rr是多颤的。现在关于怎么发这个音的说法有几种，比如口里含着水模仿漱口的样子发出来的声音。我没练过这种方法，我只知道我们漱口的时候是水在口中由于吐出来的气在水中产生的气泡从而生成的声音，而在这种状态下舌头是平直的，或者说舌头并没有运动。而颤音是必须通过舌头的振动而产生的声音效果。这显然是矛盾的。 颤音的形成是靠舌头的震动而产生的。把舌尖顶住上齿龈，把力全部集中在舌尖部位，吐气，并带动舌尖的震动，而舌尖和上齿龈之间撞击所产生的效果就是颤音。我们都知道，声音是靠力的使物体产生震动的结果。我们平时所发出的声音是声带震动的结果，而颤音的产生正是靠气息所带来的动力从而使舌尖和上齿龈之间的震动所生成的效果。 要完美地产生这种效果，首先，舌头对于上齿龈的支持力不能太大，假如舌头用很大的里顶住上齿龈的话，那么再有力的气息也不可能发出来。稍微地顶住，让气息自然地带动他们之间的震动。 刚开始先练习发rra的音，这是五个音中最容易发出来的。一旦你把rra发得接近完美以后，你的rre也就没问题了。但有一点非常重要，在发rra和rre的时候，舌尖和上齿龈保持 90度，这比45度角更容易发。但是rri、rro和rru的话还是用45度发出来比较流畅。后三个我用90度发不出来，而改用45度则可以。 再练习发颤音的时候不要孤立地去练习，应该带到文章中去练，也许你单单去发那五个音的时候你会越来越没信心，倘若你带到文章中去读，你会得到欲想不到的效果。 October 26 基金项目英文翻译基金项目英文翻译 1 国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目（863计划）（No. ） This work was supported by a grant from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) （No. ） 2 国家自然科学基金资助项目（No. ） General Program(面上项目), Key Program(重点项目), Major Program（重大项目） Th is work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. ） 3 国家“九五”攻关项目(No. ) This work was supported by a grant from the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period （No. ） 4 中国科学院“九五”重大项目(No. ) This work was supported by a grant from the Major Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period （No. ） 5 中国科学院重点资助项目(No. ) This work was supported by a grant from the Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ) 6 “九五”国家医学科技攻关基金资助项目(No. ) This work was supported by a grant from the National Medical Science and Technique Foundation during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period （No. ） 7 江苏省科委应用基础基金资助项目 (No. ) This work was supported by a grant from the Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. ) 8 国家教育部博士点基金资助项目(No. ) This work was supported by a grant from the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. ) 9 中国科学院上海分院择优资助项目(No. ) This work was supported by a grant from Advanced Programs of Shanghai Branch, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ) 10 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973计划)(No. ) This work was supported by a grant from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. ) 11 国家杰出青年科学基金(No. ) This work was supported by a grant from National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars （No. ） 12 海外香港青年学者合作研究基金(No. ) This work was supported by a grant from Joint Research Fund for Young Scholars in Hong Kong and Abroad （No. ） 各项基金资助书写格式（中英文对照） 中国科学院基金资助 Supported by Science Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院九五重大项目（项目编号： ）资助 Supported by Major Subject of The Chinese Academy of Sciences（项目编号： ） 中国科学院院长基金特别资助 Supported by Special Foundation of President of The Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助 Supported by Bureau of International Cooperation, The Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院百人计划经费资助 Supported by 100 Talents Programme of The Chinese Academy of Sciences Supported by One Hundred Person Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目资助 Supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of The Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院西部之光基金（项目编号： ）资助 Supported by West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences（项目编号： ） 北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助 Supported by BEPC National Laboratory 兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助 Supported by Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou 国家自然科学基金（项目编号： ）资助 Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（项目编号： ） [Supported by NSFC（项目编号： ）] 国家自然科学基金重大项目资助 Supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (1991483) 国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目（项目编号： ）资助 Supported by Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC（项目编号： ） 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（项目编号： ）资助 (973计划项目) Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program（项目编号： ） Supported by China Ministry of Science and Technology under Contract（项目编号： ） Supported by State Key Development Program of (for) Basic Research of China（项目编号： ） 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助 Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China 国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助 Supported by National Important Project on Science-Phase Ⅱ of NSRL 国家攀登计划—B课题资助 Supported by National Climb—B Plan 国家杰出青年科学基金资助 Supported by National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar 国家科技部基金资助 Supported by State Commission of Science Technology of China（科委） Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China 中国博士后科学基金 Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 海峡两岸自然科学基金（项目编号： ）共同资助 Supported by Science Foundation of Two sides of Strait（项目编号： ） 核工业科学基金资助 Supported by Science Foundation of Chinese Nuclear Industry 国家教育部科学基金资助 Supported by Science Foundation of The Chinese Education Commission (教委) Supported by Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China 国家教育部博士点专项基金资助 Supported by Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China 国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助 Supported by Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars, Ministry of Education of China 国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助 Supported by Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of Ministry of Education of China 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助 Supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China Supported by Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of China 霍英东教育基金会青年教师基金资助 黑龙江省自然科学基金资助 Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China 湖北省教育厅重点项目资助 Supported by Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China 河南省杰出青年基金（9911）资助 Supported by Excellent Youth Foundation of He’nan Scientific Committee（项目编号： ） 河南省教育厅基金资助 Supported by Foundation of He’nan Educational Committee 山西省青年科学基金（项目编号： ）资助 Supported by Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths（项目编号： ） 山西省归国人员基金资助 Supported by Shanxi Province Foundation for Returness 北京市自然科学基金资助 Supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation 上海市科技启明星计划（项目编号： ）资助 Supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds（项目编号： ） 华北电力大学青年科研基金资助 Supported by Youth Foundation of North-China Electric Power University 华中师范大学自然科学基金资助 Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Central China Normal University 东南大学基金（项目编号： ）资助 Supported by Foundation of Southeast of University（项目编号： ） 西南交通大学基础学科研究基金（项目编号： ）资助 Supported by Foundation Sciences Southwest Jiaotong University（项目编号： ） 日本科学技术厅科学家交流项目（项目编号： ） Supported by Japan STA Scientist Exchange Program （项目编号： ） August 19 GRE Issue 153 by Daisy153. "Students should bring a certain
skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught
instead of accepting it passively." From the beginning of education, a student
receives knowledge from his teachers. Then he takes examinations, in which what
his teachers said in classes is the correct answers to the questions. After a
long time, the concept that the teacher is always right is stereotyped in
students' mind. However, such a concept results in a lot of disadvantages for
students, no matter it is during his schoolhood or profession career.
Therefore, it is very important for students to grasp critical thinking and
bring a certain skepticism to what they are taught. Without skepticism, students would become
used to accept passively what teachers, books or other information sources tell
them, which needs little thinking about it. Yet effective learning can not be
achieved by merely remembering knowledge, but by thinking. A student who never
asks questions about his courses must be the one that never thinks about the
truth. It would result in more problems in their
profession career after the schoolhood is ended if students are not able to
think critically. The leading one is that it is not possible for them to make a
breakthrough whatever they do, for that any breakthrough is a result of
skepticism of the old pattern. For making new discoveries in science, if
the student becomes a scientist, nothing is more critical than skepticism. Only
when a question arise about a phenomena or an established idea does one begin
to think deep into it and seek for the explanation or solution, and ultimately
come up with a new idea. If he had firmly believed in the Classic Physics that
was established by Newton and was accepted widely as the crest of the study of
physics, Albert Einstein would not have originated the theory of relativity,
which is a milestone of the development of physics. In the business world, which is more likely
to be where the student is engaged, skepticism is also of great importance.
Michael Dell would not have made Dell Inc. a big success among the computer companies
if he had followed what his professor said to him. While a student at the
university of Texas, Michael Dell's paper in which he created a new business
model----"cutting out the middle man" and selling computers directly
to customers----was signed "C" by his professor, who thought that the
model was impossible at all. However, Dell didn't take his professor's opinion
as absolute truth and insisted in founding his own company in his model, which
turned out to be a big success. Yet too much skepticism should also be avoided. It is of no benefit if students question blindly what teachers say, which loses the function of education. What students should do is to bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study, rather than accept all passively or doubt everything. In the aspect of educators, their understanding of students' questions of what they teach is essential to create a good atmosphere for students to cultivate their critical thinking.
August 18 GRE Issue50 by Daisy TOPIC: ISSUE50 - "In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach." WORDS: 417 TIME: 00:42:44 DATE: 2008/8/17 21:21:28 Today in many colleges and universities, some students work hard on their courses. However, when they step out of the university and into their career, they confront a lot of problems that they are not able to solve with what they have learned in the courses in the college or university. What is the cause of such a problem that troubles many graduates when they begin their career? It is that most faculty in colleges and universities always focus on their academic work while pay little attention to the professions relevant to the courses they teach. Generally speaking, almost all faculties in universities have research programs to do, which is usually the main part of their work. Dealing with academic work takes most of their time and energy. As a consequence, the courses they give to students are generally in relation to their own academic work, rather than the professions. However, only few students go into the academic world like their faculty while most go to do pragmatic jobs after graduation. What they need in their career is practical skills that help them solve the problems in their work. Many theories they learn in the university are too abstract to be used to deal with pragmatic problems. Facing such a situation, it will be beneficial to the quality of instruction at the college and university level if most faculties can spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. When faculties know more about the professions, they will be able to give more practical instruction and skills to the students in their courses, which is of significant meaning to students in their careers. Yet it should also be pointed out that too much work outside in professions is harmful to the successful education in colleges or universities, for that too work in professions may affect the quality of the academic researches and the teaching work. Academic researches are always the important tasks of faculty in university in that only the faculties stand at the head of the development of sciences and lead science to go ahead continuously. To sum up, faculty in colleges and universities should spend part of their time working outside the academic world and learn more about the professions relevant to the courses they teach so as to provide instruction of higher quality and practical use to students. But faculty should always bear in mind their duty to accomplish academic goals that can not be achieved by others. |
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